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For centuries China stood as a leading civilization, outpacing the rest of the world in the arts and sciences, but in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the country was beset by civil unrest, major famines, military defeats, and foreign occupation. After World War II, the Communists under MAO Zedong established an autocratic socialist system that, while ensuring China's sovereignty, imposed strict controls over everyday life and cost the lives of tens of millions of people. After 1978, his successor DENG Xiaoping and other leaders focused on market-oriented economic development and by 2000 output had quadrupled. For much of the population, living standards have improved dramatically and the room for personal choice has expanded, yet political controls remain tight.
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背景:百年中国站发展成为一个领先的文明, 赶超世界各地的艺术和科学,但在19世纪和二十世纪初 国家陷于内乱,大饥荒,军事上的失败,以及外国占领. 二战结束后,中共在毛泽东建立了一个独裁的社会主义制度,在保证中国主权, 严格控制日常生活中,夺走了数千万人. 1978年后,他的继任者邓小平和其他领导人着重面向市场经济发展,而到2000年已产出了两番. 对于大多数人的生活水平已显着提高至2016年的个人选择,也扩大了, 但是政治控制仍然紧张. |
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